“China in ten years will not exist as a functional nation-state.” [I’m deeply skeptical, but I admire the boldness of the prediction.] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIFly9M8K80
‘The unmanned helicopters could be used to surveil areas around the numerous small islands of the highly contested Pacific, for example, using their LIDAR systems to scout for undersea sensors, small unmanned underwater vehicles, or naval mines. In a special operations application, they could provide very up-to-date intelligence on the littorals around target areas prior to swimmer insertions. The same could be said for preparing and scouting for larger amphibious operations.’ https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/41902/small-unmanned-helicopters-used-lasers-to-map-littorals-in-recent-u-s-navy-tests
This clip shows how ergonomics affect a tank’s performance. The Soviet T-62’s cramped interior and poor arrangement of its ammunition slows the human from loading the main gun. Western tanks are larger and more spacious inside, allowing crewmen to load the main guns quickly and safely. Simple metrics like the size of the main gun, armor thickness, and speed don’t even tell half the story of how good a tank is. Lame-sounding things like crew ergonomics, aiming devices, and communications technology are very important. https://youtu.be/a__ks1GgJRU?t=1504
The concept of using supercomputer models to predict the future is sound, though this particular attempt to pull it off is likely to fail (like at least one previous Pentagon attempt). There will come a day when mass surveillance and personality modeling of every human give rise to a real-time, 1:1 computer simulation of the planet. At that point, it will be possible to extrapolate into the future some unknown amount of time to predict events. The 1:1 model would also let its owners understand how their own actions would affect the population, the economy, and other human systems. Large government agencies (including militaries) and big corporations will start using the simulation results to take surreptitious actions carefully designed to further their own goals. To the rest of us, the events would look disconnected and even unimportant, but they would actually be part of an intricate plan to sway the public’s (or some segment of it) thinking. https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/41771/the-pentagon-is-experimenting-with-using-artificial-intelligence-to-see-days-in-advance
Elon Musk announced Tesla would unveil a prototype humanoid robot sometime in 2022. Keep in mind that it’s one thing to build a single, million-dollar prototype that can only be shown at demo events, and another to be mass-producing useful robots that people other than the super-rich can afford. I predict robots will be common in the households of upper-income Americans by the end of the 2030s, and they will be able to do hours of useful work per day. https://www.teslarati.com/tesla-bot-robot-price-specs-2022/
‘Despite their name, materials known as supersolids are not super rigid. Instead, they combine the ordered structure of a solid with the properties of a superfluid — a substance that flows without friction. To picture a supersolid, consider an ice cube immersed in liquid water, with frictionless flow of the water through the cube.’ https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02191-5
Progress is being made in the field of achiral DNA synthesis. In labs, we can painstakingly manufacture nucleic acids and proteins that are “mirror images” of naturally occurring versions of those same molecules. Since other organisms lack the enzymes to digest them, achiral biomolecules are extremely stable, meaning they might be optimal for DNA data storage. https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2021/08/02/the-mirror-world
A man’s age has less of an effect on the genetic quality of his sperm than previously thought. Additionally, it’s somewhat common for genetically healthy males to produce sperm with genetic defects, meaning it’s more important to sequence the DNA of a sperm donor’s sperm than it is to sequence the DNA from any other part of his body. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-08-human-sperm-mutations-disease-children.html
Thanks to a stubborn minority of Americans refusing to get vaccinated, the U.S. COVID-19 death toll is now predicted to reach 700,000 by mid-October. Had the vaccination rate not dropped a few months ago, that milestone wouldn’t have been reached until well into 2022. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/covid-deaths-100k-more-predicted-united-states/
In the year 2054, a powerful French biotech company called “Avalon” is a global leader in anti-aging technology. After one of its best scientists, a young woman named “Ilona,” (ill-LOAN-uh) is kidnapped in Paris for no clear reason and without her anonymous captors issuing any demands, it is up to a police detective named “Karas” (CARE-us) to find her.
During Karas’ investigation, he crosses paths with Ilona’s beautiful sister, with the psychopathic CEO of Avalon, with Ilona’s shadowy scientist mentor, and with several other unsavory characters who all have some small piece of the puzzle. All the while, a mysterious group of assassins follows and spies on his investigation and constantly undermines it by killing witnesses, destroying key pieces of evidence, and even trying to kill him.
Midway through the film, Karas discovers that Ilona might have been abducted because she found a gene therapy technique that stops the aging process, and which would be worth a fortune to her Avalon bosses. I’ll pique your interest with that much exposition, but won’t spoil the plot twists or the ending because Renaissance is a cool movie that you should see for yourself. This is exactly the sort of mid-budget film that we desperately need more of to break the stranglehold that tentpole franchise explosion films have on the box office, but I’m now off topic…
Renaissance takes place in a futuristic yet gritty and recognizable Paris where advanced technology and wealth coexist with poverty and crime. The movie is animated and in black-and-white, clearly reflecting the director’s aspiration to the film noir genre. It’s dark, moody, suspenseful, and most of the scenes happen at night, which is a vision of the future we probably have Blade Runner to thank for. The characters are mostly well-acted.
Paris in 2054 can be a grim place
One complaint I have about the movie is that the last third of it has several plot twists where the actors behave in uncharacteristic or irrational ways, or where unbelievable events happen. Examples include Karas magically uncuffing himself from a railing when he doesn’t have the key, no police showing up after a man is shot by someone in a low-hovering helicopter in the middle of the city, and a team of thugs in invisibility cloaks beating up and then abducting a man in broad daylight, in the middle of a crowd, right next to the Eiffel Tower.
A bigger gripe I have with the film is with the notion that medical immortality is wrong or will automatically lead to a horrible world, and that, in the words of one of the characters “Without death, life is meaningless.” That kind of argumentation has always been nothing more than people trying to rationalize something that is unpleasant but inevitable. Death is horrible, life is great, and death renders life meaningless once death happens and a little bit of time passes. If given the opportunity, we should try to end death and worry about the consequences (e.g. – overpopulation) later.
Moreover, if we accept the premise that technologies that extend life are wrong, or that they give biotech companies too much power, then it’s a slippery slope to using the exact same argument to ban medical treatments that extend peoples’ lives today beyond their “natural limits.” Blood and organ transfusions aren’t natural, and extend the lives of people who, in a natural human state, would have died. Vaccines that keep people from dying of diseases like COVID-19 aren’t natural.
Relatedly, I reject the film’s notion that having the formula for eternal life in the hands of a for-profit biotech company like Avalon would “give them too much power” or make the world worse off. To sell the life extension pills, Avalon would have to first patent them, which would mean making public their chemical formula along with lab studies detailing what they do at the cellular level. After 20 years, the patent would expire, and any other biotech company that wanted to manufacture and sell generic pills would be able to, simply by copying the aforementioned information Avalon had made public. True, for the first 20 years, Avalon’s monopoly would allow it to price-gouge, “play God,” and make enormous profits, but after that, competition from other drug companies would drive the prices low enough for anyone to afford it. It would be a small price to pay in the long run. (Without the guarantee of the 20 year sales monopoly, pharmaceutical companies would have no incentives to invest money into developing new medicines off all kinds, which would cause that area of medical science to stall, causing enormous human suffering.)
But in reality, if something as valuable as an eternal life pill existed, governments might ignore patent laws and make copies of the pills for mass distribution to their own citizens. Companies like Avalon can file lawsuits through international venues for intellectual property infringement, but in the end, there’s only so much they can do to punish sovereign countries, especially bigger ones. Case in point is the Indian government’s collusion with indigenous drug companies to make cheap copies of patented American and European drugs.
Analysis:
Holographic ID card. Only the left edge of the card has physical substance. The rest is a projection.
People will use holographic ID cards instead of ID cards that are just made of paper. In the film, there are small, L-shaped devices that can generate holographic images that float in three-dimensional space. Presumably, the devices do this thanks to tiny light emitters. These have replaced old-fashioned paper photo ID cards and business cards. This technology will not be used in 2054 because 1) the hologram has no advantage over laminated paper for this type of simple object and 2) it’s simply impossible to make holographic, 3D images that “float” in the air like that. Quoting some well-phrased technical text I found on this subject:
‘A hologram cannot, when viewed from any angle, protrude from the surface, as seen from an angle, further than the edge of the hologram, meaning that it can only be about as tall as it is wide. If this seems a little confusing, Michael Bove put it this way: “Any reconstructed object has to lie along a line that goes from your eye to somewhere on the physical display device.”‘
A holographic tablet computer. Note the “L” shaped part of the device the user’s hand is gripping.
People will use holographic computer tablets instead of normal tablets. In the movie, larger versions of the aforementioned L-shaped devices are also used to make holographic computer tablets. As before, science simply does not allow the existence of this technology. However, by 2054, rectangular tablet computers will be capable of projecting high-def holographic images out at the viewer’s face. In other words, you could watch 3D movies on your tablet without having to wear 3D glasses. However, if you slowly tilted the tablet away from you, the illusion of depth would become clear to your eye as the images no longer popped out of the screen at your face.
The problem with transparent computer monitors is illustrated here. The secretary is looking at the detective’s personal file as he approaches her desk. He knows this because he can see the image from his vantage.
Transparent computer monitors will be in use. The technology will surely be available by 2054, but no one will use it because 1) transparent screens undermine your own privacy by letting everyone else see what you’re looking at and because 2) they’re harder for you to read off of than opaque screens with solid-colored backgrounds. Certainly, desktop computer monitors will be even thinner than they are today and might need smaller base plates thanks to their lighter weight, but that’s not going to translate into much of a practical gain. As the average screen creeps up in size, they’ll get more wobbly and cumbersome even as they get thinner, which will preserve the need for sturdy baseplates.
Cloaked outfits will exist. Several Avalon corporation henchmen are featured in the film, doing the CEO’s dirty work by tailing Karas, secretly surveilling and undermining his investigation, and killing off key people who knew Ilona. They seem to have better technology than the police, including hooded outfits that can turn transparent and cloak them from the naked eye. Cloaking outfits will exist by 2054, and could be in widespread use among people who need to be camouflaged, like paramilitaries, spies and assassins.
One of the film’s corporate thugs wearing an invisibility cloak.
A cloaked outfit could be made out of a flexible fabric studded with millions of color e-ink pixels covering its whole surface (just imagine if your big screen TV were paper-thin and flexible, and you could cut it into smaller pieces and then sew them together to make a T-shirt), and interspersed with a smaller number of pinhole-sized cameras. The cameras would constantly watch the changing colors and visual patterns to one side of your body, and tell the e-ink dots on the exact opposite side of your body to change colors to match it, so anyone looking at you would “see through” you. If you stood with your back to a red brick wall ten feet behind you, the front of your shirt and pants would turn red and would display rectangles. However, the cloaked outfit wouldn’t be able to disguise you from every possible viewing angle, so to people at ground level looking straight at your front, you might be hidden, but to someone in a tree looking down at you at an angle, you’d pop out as a red human silhouette with 10 feet of green grass separating you from the red brick wall behind you. As such, the 360 degree cloaking technology depicted in Renaissance is probably impossible, and if you were wearing a cloaked outfit from 2054, you’d still have to be very mindful of your surroundings and careful about your movements to stay unseen.
Hunters wear camouflage outfits that are designed to exactly match the environments where they plan to hunt. This man’s clothing doesn’t make him “transparent” like a sci-fi cloaking device would, but he might as well be.
Assassins, soldiers, and hunters wearing cloaked outfits would still find that the normal rules about using darkness and obstacles as cover, staying as far as practical from other people or animals, keeping low to the ground, and avoiding places where the landscape sharply changed in appearance (like where a red brick wall meets a green lawn) still applied. On the subject of camouflage, let me add that I think outfits that took snapshots of their surroundings once every few minutes and changed the outfit’s appearance to one of 10 – 20 pre-loaded camo patterns that most closely matched those surroundings (ex – Desert Pattern 1, Desert Pattern 2, Jungle Pattern, Snow Pattern) will be almost as effective as the continuously-updating cloaking outfits in Renaissance, and at lower cost and much less energy consumption.
The cloaking outfits of 2054 will be able to frequently and automatically change their colors and patterns to match their surroundings.
The technology will also find its way into civilian fashion, and by the 2050s, it will be common to encounter people whose outfits display morphing patterns and colors. They could even display lifelike moving images, allowing wearers to become “walking TVs.” People who set their shirts and pants to “camouflage mode” while standing or sitting next to walls would also look like disembodied heads, hands and shoes to passersby. The cloaking outfits will open many weird possibilities.
Also, the same level of technology that will enable the creation of cloaking outfits will also allow the creation of cloaking detectors: If you were worried about a cloaked assassin sneaking up on you, you could wear augmented reality glasses with tiny cameras and sensors that continuously scanned your surroundings for the characteristic visual distortions of a cloaked person, or for other clues (e.g. – sounds of footsteps, possibly body heat).
Visual cloaking technology could also be applied to military and police vehicles and aircraft, and might in fact be used in that role years before they are incorporated into clothing.
Cars will look normal but make electric humming noises. There are a few street scenes in the film where cars are shown, and the depiction seemed accurate. By 2054, batteries will be much better than they are today, meaning higher energy density, lower costs, faster recharge times, and slower wear-out rates. It will be a mature technology that average people won’t consider “weird” or “special.” Instead, it will be the norm (“electric cars” will just be called “cars”), and the vast majority of passenger vehicles (and possibly commercial vehicles) in 2054 will use batteries instead of fossil fuels.
Whatever niche advantages that internal combustion engines still hold in 2054 will be so minimal that it will only be worth buying them in very special cases. This will significantly improve air quality, ease global warming, and reduce noise pollution since electric car motors are almost silent. The quality of life improvements will be felt most by people living in cities (imagine a smog-free L.A. or Beijing) and near highways.
Cars like the defunct “Google Car” will be common in 2054.
Externally, most cars in 2054 will be about the same size and shape as today’s cars since they will still be built to carry human passengers in comfort, safety and style. However, in urban areas, where traffic moves slowly, non-traditional-looking subcompact vehicles designed for no-frills transport of humans or light cargo will be common sights.
By 2054, car ownership rates will be lower than today, and many people will find it cheaper and no less convenient to use self-driving cabs for transportation. Since most car rides are single-person trips to or from work or the local store, it would be more efficient if the self-driving vehicle fleet consisted of more subcompact cars. Laws requiring features like crumple zones and rollbars will be waived for autonomous vehicles meant to transport cargo only, allowing them to be smaller, cheaper, and lighter.
People will still drive their own cars. All the cars that we get close looks at in the film have steering wheels, and in the big chase scene where Karas goes after a suspect, there’s a lot of classic gear-shifting, grimacing, and stiff turning of steering wheels to ram other cars or careen off-road. This is somewhat accurate for 2054.
Self-driving cars will be old technology by then, and most of the vehicle fleet–particularly in developed countries like France–will consist of self-driving vehicles. It will be rarer for adults to have drivers licenses than it is today due to a lack of any need for one. However, I think many humans will still choose to drive their own cars, mostly for pleasure (for this same reason, some people today like riding motorcycles or stick-shift sports cars when a basic, automatic transmission sedan will transport them just as well), but in some cases due to bona fide occupational or lifestyle needs. However, even human-driven cars will still make heavy use of AI for the sake of safety, and the cars might override human attempts to drive recklessly.
But it might be possible to turn the AI off, in which case you could speed down the highway, ram people, and drive the wrong way. And thanks to that possibility, the police will have a professional need to have drivers licenses and to be able to have full control over their patrol cars so they could also break traffic laws for pursuits. And so…yes, even in 2054, high-speed car chases like that shown in the film will still be happening.
Wall-sized computer monitors will exist. In the police headquarters, there’s a “command center” room whose walls are covered with giant computer monitors. The central area of the room also has several personal computer terminals, whose monitors can be shared with the main wall monitors. Karas and his colleagues use the room to go through mugshots of potential suspects and to watch surveillance videos together. Wall-sized computer/TV monitors will be old technology by 2054. In fact, TV screens that take up entire walls of houses and offices should become common by the end of the 2030s. The screens will probably be thin, flexible, and installed as if they were wallpaper.
Wall-sized display at the police HQ
By 2054, the screens will probably be capable of displaying ultra high-res holographic images that seem to pop out at the viewer. Many of the characters in Renaissance were in their 20s, meaning they were born too late to have known what the world was like when TVs and computer monitors were discrete, relatively small objects, and not every seemingly inanimate wall could suddenly come to life with moving pictures and interact with you. This is just one example of how technology will become increasingly invisible yet omnipresent as time passes–ever-more integrated into our surroundings and bodies.
People will have enhanced eyes with HUDs and the ability to see through solid objects. Karas has technologically enhanced vision that lets him see simple shapes and alphanumeric characters overlaying things in his field of view (ex – people have circles around them), and that lets him see ghosted silhouettes of people who are fully or partly obscured by solid objects, such as an armed bad guy hiding behind a tree trunk. His eyes look normal, so the abilities must be thanks to contact lenses or devices implanted inside his eyeballs. These enhanced vision capabilities will exist in 2054. Several different technologies are being represented here, so let me parse them out.
Karas’ augmented vision, presumably thanks to contact lenses
First, Karas must have cameras on his person that are continuously scanning his environment, and which are able to quickly recognize what they see. Circles are displayed around people because the image recognition algorithms in Karas’ personal devices know what humans look like. As Facebook’s face detection algorithm demonstrates every time you upload photos of people, computers are already excellent at recognizing distinctively human features in photographs. Getting them to make those identifications in camera video feeds is simply a matter of increasing the processing speed of the same algorithms. After all, a video feed is nothing more than many still photos presented in quick succession. I have no doubt that portable personal computing devices will be able to do this by 2054.
Second, Karas’ augmented vision device allows him to “see through” solid objects, mainly to spot bad guys he’s trying to shoot. Such obstructing objects include a large concrete sculpture and a thick tree trunk. Your first guess about how he is able to do this is probably “heat vision,” and it is also wrong. Thermal vision cameras can’t actually see through solid objects. Being able to see non-visible portions of the light spectrum like infrared and ultraviolent is also unhelpful since they can’t pass through large solid objects, either. Radio waves would pass through the object and the person, so you wouldn’t get useful information about what was on the other side.
I think what’s really going on is Karas is not actually seeing through solid objects: his visioning device is using camera footage of his surroundings to rapidly build a 3D model of the room–including the places where people are standing–and then superimposing virtual images of human silhouettes over solid objects to give him an idea of where people are hiding as they become obscured by those objects. Whenever he has a clear line of sight to someone, Karas’ devices note their location in 3D space, and continue displaying their last known location as a silhouette even if they become hidden from view by a large object. In cases where people’s bodies are only partly concealed by objects, Karas’ device builds a partial silhouette of the hidden part of their body based on their posture, biomechanics, and the bilateral symmetry of the human body. This capability would require similar visual pattern recognition technology as the HUD, and portable, personal computing devices will be able to support it by 2054.
It’s also possible that Karas’ visioning device makes use of reflected light to “see” people who are hiding behind objects. Several groups of researchers have experimented with different variations of this nascent technique, but they all involve using one or two light emitters to send pulses of light towards a freestanding object, and then carefully analyzing the subsequent patterns of light reflections to piece together what the obscured backside of the object looks like. The pulses of light are invisible to the naked eye. Devices that do this could be man-portable by 2054, though I doubt they will be so small that they could be incorporated into contact lenses or eye implants. Something the size of a gun scope is more realistic.
Third, Karas is able to have his enhanced vision without wearing bulky goggles or even thin-framed glasses. The virtual images thus appear in his field of view either thanks to augmented reality contact lenses or eye implants. While computers and cameras will be much faster, smaller, and better in 2054, I doubt something as small as a contact lens or eye implant could do all of this computation. Powering the devices would also be a major problem, even if they had integral batteries that were 10x as energy-dense as today’s. Heat dissipation would also be a problem, as the waste heat generated by the battery and processor could literally burn your eyes out.
With these impracticalities in mind, I think Karas must have some other, larger computing device on his person–perhaps just a smartphone in his pocket–that does all the data processing and contains a power source for all his worn devices. Data and electricity would be shared through a local area network (LAN): The smartphone would receive wireless video feeds and other data from tiny cameras and sensors Karas had embedded in his clothing or maybe in his eye device, the smartphone would then do the image analyses described in this section, and then it would beam data signals and electricity to Karas’ eye devices, telling them what virtual images to overlay over his field of vision. This way, the eye devices wouldn’t get hot and wouldn’t need integral batteries of their own. A real-world 2054 scenario might also involve Karas wearing more substantial sensor devices, like something attached to his pistol or integrated into some type of headwear, to collect the scanning data.
Finally, let me point out that augmented reality glasses could do all of this without a LAN, and glasses will be old tech by 2054. The Avalon corporate thugs wore goggles that also gave them augmented vision, including telescopic zoom ability. They also had sensitive, directional microphones somewhere on their kit, which, along with the goggle zoom, allowed them to spy on Karas from long distances.
Holodecks will exist. After being abducted, Ilona is imprisoned inside a medium-sized room that is similar to a holodeck from Star Trek. From a different room, her mysterious captors can use a desktop computer to change the appearance of the room to simulate different environments. When the “forest” environment is selected, the room’s bare white walls, floor and ceiling change in appearance accordingly: virtual grass and trees sprout from the ground, and in the distance, there only appears to be more vegetation.
A bare room transforming into a forest through some holodeck technology. The vegetation is still “forming.”
While the holodeck’s operating principles are never explained, I think it is based on the same 3D hologram technology that has replaced paper cards and rectangular tablet computers in the film. And as I said before, 3D holograms that float in fixed points in space are impossible. However, a similar effect could probably be achieved by covering the walls, floor and ceiling with the paper-thin displays that could show holographic moving pictures that seemed to pop out at the viewer. Tiny cameras could track the gaze and posture of the person inside the holodeck, and continuously adjust the pictures being displayed on the room’s giant displays to compensate for changes to their visual perspective resulting from their movement. However, even if you could get this to work, the holodeck user experience would be severely limited since you wouldn’t be able to walk far before your face hit a wall, which would ruin the illusion (at one point, Ilona runs around her holodeck prison in frustration but implausibly, doesn’t hit anything).
The whole floor could be an omnidirectional treadmill whose surface was made of a flexible holographic display, but even in 2054, that setup is going to be very expensive. In 2054, for full-immersion virtual reality experiences, it’s going to be much cheaper and better to use VR glasses, earpieces, and maybe a tactile body suit, and at the rate things are going, I’m sure all of those will be mature technologies by then.
To summarize: By 2054, it will be possible to make virtual reality holodeck rooms where you could experience some environment like a forest, but it won’t look as good as what was in Renaissance, actually exploring the environment by walking around will be problematic, and there will be very few holodecks because there will be better ways to access virtual reality.
Cell phone implants will be in use. Karas wears a nickel-sized device behind his right ear that is embossed with the “Motorola” symbol and serves as a cell phone by transmitting telephonic sounds to him. Whenever someone calls him on the phone, he hears their voice in his head.
The device is worn in the same place as real-life bone-anchored hearing devices for people with hearing problems, so it probably works via the same principle of conducting sound waves through the skull into the inner ear. There might even be a direct wire link to the auditory nerve. Karas removes it by simply pulling it off with his fingers, which makes me think the device has two parts: one has been permanently installed in his body via skull surgery, and the other is the removeable circular piece, which probably contains the power source, microphone, and maybe computer processors. The detachable piece could be held on by magnets or an advanced adhesive, though keeping it from being accidentally knocked off by your shirt or jacket collar rubbing against it could be a very hard engineering problem.
While this technology is feasible for 2054, the fact that it requires a hole to be drilled into your skull will hold back its widescale adoption until we have developed very advanced surgical methods that are also very cheap. Don’t expect that until long after 2054. However, it’s conceivable that implants might be better than worn devices like Bluetooths and hearing aids–especially if they directly interface with human auditory nerves–and as such could come into common use among police officers, soldiers, spies, and other elite people whose professions directly benefit from having heightened senses. Small numbers of those people might have implants.
In 2054, it’s much more likely that people who want to do hands-free phone calls will buy removable earpieces, like today’s Bluetooth Headsets.
People will do video calls all the time. Karas’ hearing and vision devices let him do several video calls with his boss and colleagues. He hears their words through his hearing device, and sees their faces in front of him as ghosted HUD footage thanks to his eye devices. (Presumably, the people on the other end have webcams pointed at their faces.) So, while Karas is walking down the street running errands, he’s also seeing his boss’ semi-transparent head floating in front of him and hearing her voice in his head. To other people on the street, he seems to be talking to himself when he’s actually talking to her. (Telling schizophrenics apart from normal people will be that much harder in the future.)
The technology of 2054 will make this scenario possible, though I doubt people will use it much since there’s usually nothing to be gained from seeing the other person’s face. In fact, it often makes interactions less pleasant and more unwieldy, especially when you’re conversing with your naggy boss or an emotional colleague. Many people also want to stay unseen due to insecurities about their looks.
People have already shown a preference for minimalism in digital communication with texting increasingly replacing audio phone calls. There’s no reason to assume this trend will flip in the future and people will want to do video calls for every small thing.
A cure for aging will have been found. A crucial plot twist happens when Karas discovers Ilona had made a breakthrough in her anti-aging research right before she was kidnapped. The full details are never revealed, but it is said to be some kind of gene therapy that halts the aging process in humans. Such a thing would radically extend human lifespan, though it wouldn’t make humans truly “immortal” since we would still die from causes other than aging, like infectious diseases, accidents, murders, and suicides. I doubt such a cure will be found that soon, but lifespans will still be significantly longer in 2054 than today, and part of the gain will probably owe to drugs that slow, but don’t stop, the aging process. Some lifespan gains will also come from technologies allowing the replacement of worn-out organs.
From what little we know about the aging process and its complexity, it is already obvious that there will never be a simple, one-shot cure for it. Instead, a combination of many different technologies (in situ stem cell therapies, organ cloning, synthetic organ implantation, maybe brain transplants into newer bodies) will extend life and then, in the very long run, defeat aging and death. I don’t expect that until well into the 22nd century.
There will be transparent floors. In Renaissance Paris, many of the city’s highways have glass enclosures built around them, effectively turning them into tunnels. Pedestrians can walk over the flat roofs of those tunnels and see the cars below. Some underground Metro stations also have glass ceilings that function as glass floors for people walking above, at street level.
It’s an interesting infrastructure idea actually has merits beyond just being aesthetically pleasing. Enclosing the roads like that improves safety for both drivers and pedestrians since there’s far less risk of someone walking into the roadway. The highway is also no longer a barrier to human movement, which improves the walkability and potential uses of the topside space. The glass enclosures also contain the road noises and any air pollution the vehicles might be making (the tunnel air could be run through filters). The fact that the glass lets in natural sunlight to recessed highways and Metro stations that would otherwise be artificially lit is also of psychological benefit to users of both.
The only problem with this idea is that it would give perverts easy views up ladies’ skirts. Of course, that could be fixed by slightly frosting over the glass or by incorporating distorting undulations into the material, as is commonly done with glass building blocks today.
It’s very possible that we could have discovered some transparent material that exceeds glass’ strength and cost performance to such an extent that it is economical to use as a building material as it was in the film. It would be a desirable feature in stylish cities like Paris.
